Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the methanol extract of Malva parviflora Linn (Malvaceae) in rats

Abstract

Malva parviflora Linn Malvaceae is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of wounds and other related
ailments by the Xhosa people of South Africa. The anti-inflammatory activity of the stem extract of this
plant was assessed using carrageenan-induced paw oedema and histamine-induced paw oedema. The
analgesic effect was determined using the acetic acid writhing method as well as formalin test. The
extract at 100 and 200 mgkg-1 body weight reduced significantly, the formation of oedema induced by
carrageenan and histamine. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract showed a good
analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control. The
extract caused dose-dependent decrease of licking time and licking frequency in rats injected with 2.5%
formalin, signifying its analgesic effect. These results were also comparable to those of indomethacin,
the reference drug used in this study. Since the plant extract reduced significantly the formation of
oedema induced by carrageenan and histamine as well as reduced the number of writhes in acetic acidinduced
writhing models and dose-dependent decrease of licking time and licking frequency in rats
injected with 2.5% formalin, it is concluded that the use of M. parviflora for the treatment of inflammed
purulent wounds, swellings, bruises and broken limbs may have been justified.