Phenotypic diversity for symbio-agronomic characters in Ethiopian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm accessions

Abstract

Breeding chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars combining desirable symbiotic and agronomic characters has both economic and ecological significance. An experiment was conducted at Ambo and Ginchi, Ethiopia, in 2009/10 to characterize and evaluate 155 genotypes of chickpea for symbiotic and agronomic performance. A randomized complete block design with four replications and the difference technique, with a genetically non-nodulating chickpea genotype as a reference crop were employed to estimate the amount of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Data analysis of 32 agronomic and symbiotic characters showed significant differences among the genotypes for all traits under study. Trait-based cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into six different classes. Standardized Mahalanobis D² statistics showed significant genetic distances between all clusters constituted local landraces and introduced genotypes. This indicated that there were distinct multivariate differences between landraces and introduced genotypes. No clear interrelationship was observed between the geographic origins of the landraces and the pattern of genetic diversity, as there were accessions from the same source of origin that fell into different clusters and vice versa. Different symbiotic and agronomic characters had different contribution to the total differences among the populations. Those characters that contributed more to the total differentiation of the populations and genotypes into the different clusters should be exploited in future breeding.

Keywords: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), cluster analysis, genetic diversity, germplasm, symbiotic nitrogen fixation