In vitro regeneration from internodal explants of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) via indirect organogenesis

Abstract

Organogenic callus induction and high frequency shoot regeneration were achieved from internodal explants of bitter melon. About 97.5% of internodal explants derived from 30 day old in vivo grown plants produced green, compact nodular organogenic callus in Murashige and Skoog (MS) plus Gamborg et al. (1968) (B₅) medium containing 5.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) after two successive transfers at 11 days interval. Adventitious shoots were produced from organogenic callus when it was transferred to MS medium supplemented with 4.0 μM TDZ, 1.5 μM 2,4-D and 0.07 mM L-glutamine with shoot induction frequency of 96.5% and regeneration of adventitious shoots from callus (48 shoots per explant). Shoot proliferation occurred when callus with emerging shoots was transferred in the same medium at an interval of 15 days. The regenerated shoots were elongated on the same medium. The elongated shoots were rooted in MS medium supplemented with 3.0 μM indole 3-butyric acid (IBA). Rooted plants were acclimatized in green-house and subsequently established in soil with a survival rate of 95%. This protocol yielded an average of 48 shoots per internodal explant after 80 days of culture.

Keywords: Adventitious shoots, growth regulators, hardening, organogenic callus, Momordica charantia