Polyploidy levels of Chinese large-flower chrysanthemum determined by flow cytometry

Abstract

Flow cytometry was used to determine the ploidy level of 405 Chinese large-flower chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cultivars. Sixty-three cultivars are triploid, 175 cultivars tetraploid, 32 cultivars pentaploid, 46 cultivars hexaploid and 1 cultivar heptaploid. Forty-eight cultivars were then randomly selected for confirmation by chromosome-counting; the results are in agreement with the classification of ploidy level by flow cytometry. Most cultivars are aneuploid. The high percentage of tetraploid and triploid, instead of hexaploid in previous studies, represents the first evidence of low ploidy in large-flower chrysanthemum, which indicated a wider range of ploidy variation in this population. The results also offer further insights to the possible evolution and the regulation of flower size of this large-flower population. Additionally, the combination of flow cytometry and chromosome-counting is proved to be efficient and necessary for large-scale ploidy screening of chrysanthemum.

Keywords: Chrysanthemum, ploidy level, flow cytometry