Genetic evaluation of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for yield and spot blotch resistance in Eastern Gangetic Plains of India

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to evaluate 49 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)  genotypes of diverse origin by estimating genetic parameters viz. variability, character association, path coefficient, cluster and principle component analysis (PCA) for yield and spot blotch disease resistance during 2011 -2012 and 2012 - 2013. Highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) (29.15%), plot yield (12.94%) and 1000-kernel weight (11.63%). The highest plot yield (g) was observed in genotypes WH1132 and WH 1131. Grain yield per plot (g) was significantly and positively associated with the 1000-kernel weight (g) (0.82*) and grain per spike (number) (0.79*). Path-coefficient analysis expressed that the maximum positive direct effect on yield showed by grain per spike (number) observed via 1000-kernel weight (g) and days to 75% flowering (days) while negative direct effects showed by 1000-kernel weight (g), AUDPC, days to maturity (days) and plant height (cm). All the 49 spring wheat genotypes were grouped into six distinct clusters. The genotypes of cluster II represented higher yield and disease resistance potential. Out of the major four principal components (PCs), three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) accounted for 79.86% with proportionate values of 45.90, 18.73 and 15.23%, respectively. The third principal component has high positive component value for the days to 75% flowering, the plant height, the AUDPC and the 1000-kernel weight. The breeding objective of the present experiment is to identify genetically diverse wheat genotypes for developing high yielding and disease resistant variety for Eastern Gangetic Plains of India.  

Keywords: AUDPC, cluster analysis, dendrogram, genetic advance, yield, PCA and PCV

African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol 13(18), 1867-1875