Molecular identification of tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) species based on mitochondrial DNA (COII and CytB) sequences

Abstract

Tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) anti-vector measures are reliant upon accurate identification of species and their subpopulations. Two species were studied, Glossina palpalis palpalis and Glossina morsitans submorsitans using two mitochondrial DNA: cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) and cytochrome b (CytB). Sequencing data were used to perform phylogenetic analysis of the two reared species together with other Glossina species’ sequences from the DNA data base. For each gene, members of the same species group, palpalis or morsitans demonstrated a common ancestry and closer relatedness by belonging to one cluster. Within each species group members of the same species clustered together, an indication of common ancestry and relatedness too. Inspite of the few mixed clusters, the pattern produced in the phylogenetic trees can provide a good guide to support any other method of Glossina identification. It was recommended that evaluations be made to validate other genetic markers that can produce better resolutions to identify tsetse fly species using phylogenetic tree.

Key words: Trypanosomiasis, Glossina palpalis palpalis, Glossina morsitans submorsitans, cytochrome oxidase II, cytochrome b, neighbour joining tree.