Reproductive biologies of <i>Psammogobius knysnaensis</i> and <i>Caffrogobius gilchristi</i> in a warm-temperate South African estuary

Abstract

Reproductive biologies (spawning period, length at maturity and fecundity) of the Knysna sand goby Psammogobius knysnaensis and the  Prison goby Caffrogobius gilchristi were investigated between September 2018 and August 2019 in the warm-temperate Sundays Estuary,  South Africa. The two species reproduced during the same period (spring and summer) with peak reproduction occurring in January. P.  knysnaensis egg production was higher than C. gilchristi and was not affected by fish size. Although C. gilchristi egg production increased with fish size, this was not significant. P. knysnaensis reached LM50 at smaller sizes than C. gilchristi. Reproductive periods were likely  coupled with prey availability, as phytoplankton and zooplankton abundances are highest in warm-temperate estuaries during this  period. The ability of these gobies to reproduce at small sizes (< 40 mm TL), which is an adaptive trait of many r-selected species,  underpins their high abundance in South African estuaries asthey are well adapted to stochastic environments.