The influence of marital status on HIV infection in an HIV hyperendemic area of rural South Africa, 2000–2017

Abstract

Marital status is one of the factors whose impact on HIV infection has  always been studied but contradictory findings have been reported. The  drastic changes in marriage patterns in South Africa influences the role of marital status on HIV infection. This study aims to give evidence-based information on the association between marital status and HIV infection in a hyperendemic HIV area in rural South Africa. This study was conducted on longitudinal data collected from the African Health Research Institute (AHRI) based in northern rural KwaZulu-Natal from 2000 to 2017 using multivariable Cox regression. The multivariable Cox regression results found marital status to be a significant factor of HIV infection. Compared to those who were married, the risk of HIV infection was approximately two times in those who were never married while those who were widowed presented as much as twice the risk of HIV infection. In addition, less educated participants were at more risk of HIV infection than those with tertiary education. Furthermore, as expected, the risk of HIV infection increased with age (20–24 HR: 3.05 (2.32–4.02); 25–34 HR: 3.98 (3.12–5.07) and 35–49 HR: 4.36 (3.36–5.67). Women were more  susceptible to HIV infection than men were. This study found marital status to be an influential factor of HIV infection together with other socio- economic and demographic factors. This finding will help guide policy makers on empowerment programmes and policies targeting HIV and other health related issues in rural South Africa.

Keywords: biostatistics, epidemiology, malnutrition, public health, sub-Saharan Africa