Risk factors of HIV infection among farm workers at Rattray Arnold Research Farm in Goromonzi district, Zimbabwe: a qualitative study

Abstract

Notwithstanding the generally declining levels of HIV in Zimbabwe, HIV prevalence remains exceedingly high in commercial farms. Risky sexual practices underpinned by poverty, unreliable supply of condoms and lack of entertainment are the major underlying factors facilitating the spread of HIV. We carried out a qualitative study among farm workers at Rattray Arnold Research Farm in Goromonzi district in Zimbabwe to establish the prevalence of HIV, factors underlying HIV transmission among the farm workers and the impact of HIV and AIDS on the farm. Six focus group discussions and five key informant interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data. The study established that misconceptions about the modes of transmission are still pervasive among participants. Contrary to widespread knowledge about HIV and AIDS, high risk sexual behaviours and low condom use are still major concerns. Lack of health services at the farm — compounded by respondents’ negative attitudes towards use of condoms — also exacerbates exposure to HIV infections. Reports from the Home-based Care Officer revealed that HIV prevalence at the farm is estimated at about 42%. Further, morbidity and mortality due to HIV have profound effects on the daily activities at the farm. The study recommends that health services must be availed at the farm in addition to providing information, education and communication so as to foster positive behaviour change, while dispelling myths associated with HIV modes of transmission and preventive strategies.

Keywords: HIV and AIDS, transactional sex, condoms, sexual behaviour