Incidence and Risk Factors of Catheter-Associated Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection In An Intensive Care Unit In Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a common infection in the intensive care unit (ICU). It increases the cost of  medical care and also increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in the Intensive Care Unit. This study investigated the incidence of CAUTI in the  ICU and identified risk factors associated with its development
Methods: Between February and October 2018, urine samples of 90 adult patients admitted into the ICU were taken on admission and every 3 days  for urine microscopy, culture, and sensitivity. The vital signs were also taken and compared in patients that had CAUTI and those that did not.
Results: Ninety patients were studied with a mean age of 40.46 ± 18.04 years and male/female ratio of 1:1. Seventeen (18.9%) patients developed  CAUTI. Twelve patients (13.3%) had asymptomatic bacteriuria and sixty-one (67.8%) had negative bacterial culture. All positive cultures isolated only  one type of organism. The mean days to catheter associated urinary tract infection was 6.18 ± 3.59 days. Risk factors identified included diabetes  mellitus, female gender, advanced age and systemic antibiotic therapy.
Conclusion: The incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections caused by bacteria is relatively high with an incidence of 18.9% in our ICU.  The adoption of strict guidelines may help to reduce this incidence.