Cadmium Chloride-induced skin ulceration and inflammation in rats: Anti-inflammatory potentials of Moringa oleifera and Musa sapientium via NF-KB/IL-4/1L-10-mediated pathway.

Abstract

Cadmium-induced toxicity resulted in skin carcinogenesis in rats. The mechanism underlying Cadmium-induced skin carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated anticancer potentials of Moringa oleifera and Musa sapientum in Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2)-induced skin carcinogenesis, ulceration and inflammation in rats. Twenty-eight adult male wistar rats (average weight of 155 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 4). Group 1 was control. Groups 2-4 and 7 received single intraperitoneal administration of 1.5 mg/Kg bodyweight of CdCl on Day 1. Thereafter, Groups 3, 4 and 7 were post-treated with 15 mg/Kg bodyweight of MO11, 15 mg/Kg bodyweight of MO11 + 7 mg/Kg bodyweight of MS06 and 3.35 mg/Kg bodyweight of Doxorubicin respectively (Days 1-17). Groups 5 and 6 received only MO11-dose and Olive Oil (vehicle) respectively (Days 1-17). Skin histopathology (Heamatoxyline and Eosin technique) and ELISA concentrations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and NF-kB) and antiinflammatory biomarkers (IL-4 and IL-10) in liver homogenates of rats of Groups 1-7 were evaluated. Computed data were statistically analysed using Mann-Whitney-U test at P ≤ 0.05. Histo-pathological evaluations showed normal skin histology in Groups 1 and 3-5, but skin histoalterations in Groups 2 and 6. Post-treatments of CdCl2-induced skin carcinogenesis with MO11, MO11+MS06 and Doxorubicin resulted in downregulations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and NF-kB, but
upregulations of IL-4 and IL-10 in Groups 3, 4 and 6, compared with Group 2. MO11 and MO11+MS06 achieved better anti-inflammatory potentials than Doxorubicin. Overall, MO11 and MS06 possess anticancer and anti-inflammatory potentials.