Assessment of the level of awareness, knowledge, and risk perception of community members about Mpox infection in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Since the resurgence of mpox disease in 2017, Nigeria alone has accounted for about 60% of confirmed cases reported in  the African region. This study therefore aimed to understand the knowledge and perception of the general public towards the mpox  infection.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 958 community members across three states (Oyo, Lagos and Jigawa) in Nigeria.  Knowledge of mpox infection was assessed across four domains: (1) general knowledge, (2) transmission, (3) signs and symptoms, and  (4) prevention and treatment where we assigned a score of 1 for each correct response. Binary logistic regression was conducted to  explore factors associated with knowledge of mpox infection at 5% level of significance. We assessed perception of mpox infection across  5 constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy) from the health belief model, using 3-point Likert scales. We used Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-WhitneyU tests to assess factors associated with each construct. 

Results: Overall, only about one-third (38.3%) of community members were  aware of mpox infection. There were variations in  perceptions and knowledge across the three states. Knowledge of mpox infection transmission, prevention, and treatment was low  across the states. Only 28.9% of respondents knew that sharing utensils with an infected person is a means of contracting the disease, and just 15.9% were aware that mpox infection may resolve spontaneously. The mean of general knowledge scores was higher in Jigawa  14.8 (±3.2) compared to Lagos 12.1 (±4.1) and Oyo states 12.5 (±5.6) (p<0.001). Respondents with tertiary-level education (p=0.001) were  significantly more likely to perceive themselves as susceptible to mpox while males (p<0.001) and respondents who live in Jigawa state  (p=0.002) were significantly more likely to perceive mpox as severe with 90.5% believing that being infected will stop their daily activity  (p<0.001). Perceived barriers to adherence to mpox preventive strategies were higher in Jigawa state (p<0.001), with 68.3%reporting that  use of hand sanitizers might be expensive for them.

Conclusion: The analysis of our findings revealed significant knowledge gaps and a  very low level of public awareness about mpox. Key areas of limited knowledge included the disease’s route of transmission, as well as its prevention and treatment. To control the spread of mpox infection, there is need to strengthen public health risk communication  focusing on the transmission and preventive actions.