The prevalence of dental caries among children in orphanages in Ibadan

Abstract

Background: A number of challenges are being faced by children in orphanages, a major one being their oral health as a common  unmet need. Studies have shown high prevalence of dental caries and oro-facial trauma. This has been attributed to overcrowding, lack  of adequate staff, poor oral hygiene, improper dietary habits, inadequacies in the orphanage system, as well as inadequacies in the healthcare system. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors affecting dental caries and trauma among children in  orphanages in Ibadan.

Materials and Method: All the children within the age group (7 – 15 years) in all the 18 registered orphanages in  the 5 Local Government Areas within Ibadan metropolis were recruited into the study. Intra-oral examination was done under natural  light and caries detection was done using tactile and visual method. Sterile mouth mirrors and CPI probes were used for this purpose.  Dental caries status and the predisposing factors in each child were assessed. Presence of dental trauma and the predisposing factors  were also assessed. Data processing was carried out with the aid of SPSS version 21.

Results: One hundred and forty-six children  participated in the study, 51.4% of them were males while 48.6% were females. The age range and the mean age of the children were 7 –  15 years 9. 69 ± 3.78 respectively. The prevalence of dental caries among the children was 17.8% while that of dental trauma was 7.5%.  The mean DMFT/dmft was found to be 0.42 ± 1.06. Gender and the presence of deep pits and fissures were the statistically significant  predictors of dental caries.

Conclusion: Oral health is of utmost importance across all ages, much more pertinent among institutionalized  children who are prone to dental caries and trauma as revealed by this study. An average child in an orphanage may be  affected by both dental caries and trauma, but appears to be more prone to dental caries in this environment.