Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy: A scoping review

Abstract

Introduction: There has been an upsurge in the reporting of cases of Left Ventricular Noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy in medical  literature in the last 35 years due to advances in medical imaging. The condition was first described in 1926 and the first reported case by echocardiography was in 1984. The American Heart Association considers LVNC a primary cardiomyopathy of genetic origin, while the  European Society of Cardiology and the World Health Organization grouped it as an unclassified cardiomyopathy. Its variability in terms  of genetic profile, phenotypic expression, clinical presentation, and histopathological findings makes it somewhat a variant of other  cardiomyopathies.

Case presentation: Patients with LVNC cardiomyopathy may not have any symptoms or may present with ventricular arrhythmias, heart  failure, thromboembolism, or sudden death. LVNC cardiomyopathy diagnosis is typically made by echocardiography, although there are  higher resolution cardiac imaging techniques. Management will depend on the patient’s clinical presentation. Due to its genetic  association, there is a need to screen living relatives once the diagnosis is made in an individual.

Conclusion: The aim of this paper is to  review current knowledge on this condition.