A 5-year review of ultrasonographic evaluation of ocular diseases at the University College Hospital IBADAN, south-west, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Orbito-ocular diseases are a major public health issue, often causing visual impairment with serious socioeconomic  implications on individual lives. Ocular ultrasonography is an invaluable diagnostic tool when clinical examination of the ocular fundus is difficult.
Objectives: To describe the indications, sonographic findings, and contribution of orbito-ocular ultrasonography to the management of orbito-ocular diseases in the University College Hospital, Ibadan.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of B-mode ocular ultrasound findings and hospital data of all patients referred to the Radiology department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan for ocular Ultrasound between January 2014 - December 2018.
Results: There were 142 patients, aged 1-85 years, (median age =28 years). 72 (50.7%) patients were under 30 years of age, and 50 (35.2%) were pediatric cases. Male to female ratio was 1.84:1. The commonest presenting complaint was blurred vision in 97 (68.3%) cases,  followed by eye trauma in 54 (38.0%). B-mode Ultrasound, demonstrated cataract in 63 (44.4%,) cases, vitreous hemorrhage in 42 (29.6%), retinal detachment in 27 (19.0%), vitreous detachment in 19 (13.4%), normal findings in 17 (12%) and orbital tumors in 13 (9.2%) patients.
B-mode ultrasound scan and clinical diagnosis demonstrated good agreement in 91 /142 cases (64.1%), partial agreement in 23/142  (16.2%) cases, and no agreement in 28 (19.7%). Kappa agreement scores, K were 74.3% and 70.9%, for ruptured globe and cataract respectively.
Conclusion: Orbito-ocular ultrasonography contributes significantly to the diagnosis of orbito-ocular disease and shows good correlation with clinical diagnoses. However, a future study with larger numbers is required.