African democracy under siege? A review of the surge in military coups in Africa

Abstract

This article examines the surge in military coups across Africa, focusing on the history, causes, consequences, and potential prevention strategies. With Africa now witnessing the largest number of global coups attempts since 1950, the continent faces a critical threat to democratic aspirations. Political instability, economic challenges, and ethnic tensions contribute to coups, which lead to severe consequences, such as the erosion of civil liberties and human rights abuses. Despite international and regional responses, transitioning from military rule back to democracy poses complex challenges. Prevention strategies include strengthening democratic institutions, addressing economic inequalities and cultivating a culture of democratic values and civic engagement. The article emphasises the need for unified efforts from African nations, the international community, and civil society to protect the future of democratic governance, and advocates for the power of ‘ballots, not bullets.’