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Main Article Content
Effectiveness of nevirapine and zidovudine in a pilot program for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Uganda
Abstract
Objectives: The study evaluated the effectiveness of short course ARV regimens in a pilot program to prevent mother-tochild transmission of HIV and determined the risk factors for perinatal transmission.
Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used to compare perinatal transmission rates of HIV in two sets of mothers: ARV-treated mothers and ARV-untreated mothers.
Results: 109 treated and 90 naïve mother-infant pairs were recruited. HIV transmission rates were similar in the nevirapine (10/61) and AZT (8/48) groups (16.4% vs. 16.7%) respectively but higher in the naïve group (43/90 48%, p= 0.0001). ARV therapy offers a protective effect against MTCT of HIV (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.22 95%CI 0.09, 0.54) but mothers in Stage 1 and 2 of disease were more likely to benefit from this intervention than mothers in Stage 3 and 4.
Conclusion: In this community-based observational study, ARV reduces the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV but does not eliminate the risk completely. Early screening of asymptomatic pregnant women will identify a group of mothers more likely to benefit from the intervention.
Key Words: HIV-1, mother, child, transmission, antiretroviral therapy
African Health Sciences Vol.4(3) 2004: 146-154
