Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Cleaners in a Nigerian University

Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) remain a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly among cleaning personnel, due to their physically demanding tasks and often strenuous work conditions.

Objective: To assess the factors associated with work-related MSDs among cleaners in a public university.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 320 informal cleaning staff employed on contract in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire with questions adapted from the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographics, work practices and prevalence/sites of MSD.

Results: The majority (190; 59.4%) of respondents were aged 40-60 years, and most (298; 93.1%) were females. Most respondents (280; 87.5%) earned < N19,000= $50 monthly, and 247 (77.2%) had worked for ≤10 years. A majority (88.1%) worked 6-8 hours daily, with 99.1% working in a bent position and 83.4% standing for >2 hours at a time. In the preceding 7 days, the MSD prevalence was 58.2%, while the common MSD-affected sites were the lower back (35.9%), knees (23.1%), hips/thighs (15.9%), and right shoulder (15.6%). The predictors of MSDs included age >50 years, having no formal education, lack of prior safety training and being overweight/obese.

Conclusion: The study highlighted a significant MSD burden among cleaning staff, primarily affecting the lower back, knees and thighs. It is recommended that employers implement ergonomics and safety training, improved welfare packages, and regular health screenings to reduce MSD burden and promote cleaners' well-being.