Afrimedic Journal

Prevalence And Risk Factors for Hypertension Among Adolescents Attending A Family Medicine Clinic In North Central Nigeria

2024-11-12T09:35:29+00:00

Background: Hypertension poses a
substantial burden on the healthcare
system. Hypertension in adolescents is
becoming one of the most common health
conditions globally.
Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the
prevalence and identify associated factors
with hypertension among adolescents
residing in Ilorin, North central Nigeria in a
bid to provide a theoretical basis for the
prevention and control of hypertension in
this group.
Methodology: The study was a crosssectional
descriptive study among 10-19
years of age attending adolescent clinic of
family medicine department of UITH over a
period of 3 months. A semi-structured
questionnaire was used to obtain
information. Blood pressure was measured
using age-appropriate cuffs. Analysis was
done using Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS 20). Descriptive statistics,
bivariate and multivariate logistic regression
analysis was done to determine associated
risk factors.
Results: The overall prevalence of
hypertension was 13.0%. Of the behavioral
risk factors, the prevalence of tobacco use,
harmful alcohol use was 3.2% and 1.3%
respectively, while low consumption of fruits
and vegetables were found among 89.0%
and 98.7% respondents respectively. High
consumption of diet was found in 24.7%,
while 31.2% low physical activity (using
moderate activity) was reported. Risk factors
for development of hypertension were
family history of hypertension (p=0.017,
OR=4.536, CI= 1.195-17.218) and high salt
diet (P<0.001, OR=1.177, CI=1.096-1.264).
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of
hypertension among the adolescents in this
study. Family history and high salt diet can
be used as reference indicators for the
prevalence of hypertension in this age
group.

Cite this article as: Omowumi R.K, Kuranga I.S, Ayodapo A.O, Ibraheem A.S, Yusuf R.A, Oladimeji L.O. Prevalence and Risk Factors For Hypertension Among Adolescents Attending A Family Medicine Clinic In North Central Nigeria.

Afrimedic Journal 2024; 10(2): 1-15.

The Knowledge and Use of Frequency Volume Chart Among Nigerian Urologists

2024-11-16T00:54:34+00:00

BACKGROUND

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are quite common in men and increase with age.¹In general, LUTS are divided into storage phase symptoms (frequency, urgency, urgency incontinence, and nocturia) and voiding phase symptoms (hesitancy weak stream, intermittency and feeling of incomplete emptying), however both Voiding and storage phase symptoms often coexist. Whereas storage phase symptoms are related to detrusor overactivity, increased bladder sensitivity or impaired compliance, voiding phase symptoms are caused by either outlet obstruction or impaired contractility. The aetiology of LUTS is multifactorial as this can be caused by structural or functional abnormalities of lower urinary tract as well as non-urological conditions.²

Before commencing treatment, patients with LUTS need appropriate workup. This should include: a thorough history and physical examination, with or without simple adjunctive tests (e.g.: uroflowometry, post-void residual, and frequency volume charts). Based on this basic workup, one can then make an informed selection of initial treatment or watchful waiting.¹More invasive investigations like Urodynamics and cystoscopy or imaging are most useful in select cases when a specific reason is identified, the diagnosis is uncertain or when patients have failed simple initial treatments and seek further therapy.¹

An adjunct to history is the use of validated questionnaires which is standard recommendation from published guidelines.^3,4,5These questionnaires are useful in quantifying symptom severity, degree of border, and can be used to monitor response to treatment.^6,7,8,9 The questionnaires include: international prostate symptoms score(IPSS), The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-MLUTS), Danish Prostate Symptom Score (DAN-PSS), Frequency volume charts and bladder diaries.^7,8,10,11

Information derived from subjective questionnaires like the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) may be inaccurate and for this reason, both the EAU and AUA clinical practice guidelines on BPH and LUTS recommend the use of FV charts in addition to the use of symptom questionnaires when assessing men with LUTS. ^12,13The frequency volume chart (FVC) has been defined as the systematic recording of voiding habits by patients in their own environment for a specified period of time.¹⁴ FV chart varies from simple charts measuring the frequency and volume of each void in a day to urinary diaries which Include additional information such as fluid intake, use of pads, activities during recording, total voided volume and the fraction of urine production during the night.¹⁵ Most commonly, the chart is filled for a period of 1-3 days as evidence have shown that filling the chart for longer periods does not give additional information.¹⁶

Frequency volume chart has several advantages; it is simple, easy to use and serves to extract objective information that would otherwise be difficult to obtain from history.¹³Despite these benefits, FVC is not used in the urology unit of my hospital. The aim of this study therefore, is to evaluate the knowledge and use of frequency volume chart among Urology specialists practicing in Nigeria and also to draw the attention of Nigerian urologists to role of this chart in the management of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Cite this article as: C. Odo, T.U. Mbaeri, E.A. Obiesie, A.O. Ulebe, J.A. Abiahu, Nzeako C.H, C.K. Oranusi, A.M.E. Nwofor. The Knowledge and Use of Frequency Volume Chart Among Nigerian Urologists.

Afrimedic Journal 2024; 10(2): 1-5.

Prophylactic role of ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone in prostate biopsy-related infection

2024-11-16T15:57:10+00:00

No Abstract

Cite this article as: Odo C, Ulebe A.O, Oguonu A.C, Obi A.O, Mbaeri T.U, Obiesie E.A, Okeke C.J, Nnadozie U.U, Nzeako C.H.

Prophylactic Role of Ciprofloxacin And Ceftriaxone In Prostate Biopsy-Related Infection: Time To Adopt New Strategy.

Afrimedic Journal 2024; 10(2): 1-3.

Bacillary Angiomatosis in An Immunocompetent Nigerian Adult

2024-11-16T16:09:50+00:00

We report a case of a 30-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented to the clinic with a 5-year history of painless but progressive slow growing lesion on the left upper back region. Tissue biopsy and histology of the lesion were done, which revealed bacillary angiomatosis. Treatment was commenced with appreciable clinical improvement.

Bacillary angiomatosis is caused by Bartonelle henselae or Bartonella quintana and occurs mostly in immunosuppressed persons. Our case is a unique one because our patient was not immunocompromised, moreover, Bacillary angiomatosis is a rare presentation in our locality, Nigeria. It should therefore be suspected in immunocompetent patients who present with non-healing ulcers.

Cite this article as: Nzeako Henry C, Emegoakor Chiemelu D, Ukah Cornelius O, Nwosu Chimdiebele D, Nwosu-Ijiomah Chinedu, Menkiti Felix E.

Bacillary Angiomatosis in An Immunocompetent Nigerian Adult: Case Report and A Brief Review Of Literature.

Afrimedic Journal 2024; 10(2): 1-4.

The Menace of Neglected Hydrocephalus

2024-11-16T16:16:27+00:00

Timely diagnosis and management of hydrocephalus are crucial to mitigating adverse outcomes. The etiology of hydrocephalus in infants is diverse, while the clinical presentation of hydrocephalus in infants can be varied. Neuroimaging is crucial in diagnosis. Neglected hydrocephalus poses an even more serious challenge. There is a high risk of scalp erosion and wound dehiscence following a ventriculoperitoneal shunting in very a stretched scalp. We present a case recently managed in our centre to highlight the menace of neglect.

Case Summary/Result

A 7-month-old baby presented with a history of progressive enlargement of the head for five months duration. There was also poor progress in developmental milestone attainment. Antenatal history was unremarkable. Occipitofrontal circumference was 75cm (the normal range for 7 months was 42.5 -46.5cm). He was worked up for ventriculoperitoneal shunting, which he eventually had but developed shunt erosion and the overriding skull bones postoperatively

Conclusion

Neglected hydrocephalus is still a problem in our environment. Late presentation leads to unwanted complications.

Cite this article as: Okafor C.N, Nkwerem S.P.U, Okpalike I.V, Ajani N.L, Nkwerem G.I, Modu D.A, Chilozie P.E, Nwaezeapu I.E.

The Menace Of Neglected Hydrocephalus – Case Report And Review Of Literature.

Afrimedic Journal 2024; 10(2): 1-6.

Sexual Practices and Associated Factors Among High School Students in A Municipality in Ghana

2024-11-16T16:23:53+00:00

Adolescent sexual activity can have undesirable reproductive health outcomes. This includes exposure to the risks of unplanned pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections. Addressing sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents is a major challenge in global health. This study sets out to determine sexual practices among in-school adolescents.

Methodology

The study was conducted in Yilo Krobo Municipal in Eastern Region of Ghana with a population of 97,466 and adolescent population of 18,519. A sequential explanatory mixed method cross-sectional design employing quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Study participants were adolescents aged 10 to 19 years from both Junior and Senior High Schools in the Municipality. Structured questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGD) were carried out to collect data. Data was analyzed in SPSS and EPI-Info

Results

More than thirty-four percent (34.3%) of students have had sex, 11.9% of them were less than 15 years. Students with multiple sexual partners were 13.3% while 23.3% had unprotected sex. Moreover, 11.7% reported having nonconsensual sex, out of which 24.4% were aged less than 15 years, 4.7% had sex with both males and females. Students above 14 years and in SHS were more likely to be sexually active (OR: 0.46, p<0.0001, OR: 0.73, p<0.0497). FGD revealed that good parental communication, provision and supervision is protective against risky sexual practices.

Conclusion

In conclusion, causes of adolescents’ risky sexual practices include economic, social and peer influence and a supportive environment with good parental communication and provision support healthy development and reduce risky sexual practices.

Cite This Article As: Owusu-Sarpong, A.A, Agbeshie K, Baiden, F. Sexual Practices and Associated Factors Among High School Students in A Municipality in Ghana.

Afrimedic Journal 2024; 10(2): 1-11.