Western honey bee management for crop pollination

Abstract

This literature review seeks to provide an outlook of the use of Western honeybee for crop pollination around the world. It was prepared by collecting information on the use of managed honey bees, Apis mellifera in crop pollination from different sources. To address pollination deficits, farmers around the world contract with beekeepers that provide colonies of Western honey, Apis mellifera, in order to perform crop pollination. Some farmers pay for the bee colonies they host in their farms; while others obtain them for free. Apis mellifera is widely used for pollination purposes for several reasons, including its polylectic nature, its wide distribution, its relatively ease and low cost management, and hive products from which the beekeeper get additional incomes. The Western honey bee is used to pollinate 66 commodities on all continents, except Antarctica. A controlled use of Western honey bee for pollination services is reported mainly in developed countries. Because of the low application of this technology in Africa, research must be conducted in order to access the need of pollination service and then the profitability of this technology in the current African entomological fauna context.  Despite its benefits, the use of managed Western honey bees can affect native pollinators and contribute to the spread of diseases, parasites and weeds.

Key words: Apis mellifera, bee colonies, pollination deficit, pollination services