Screening for risk factors of kidney disease in a rural population in delta state, Nigeria: a world kidney day 2012 study

Abstract

Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem.¹ The prevalence of CKD is rising due to the rising prevalence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors of CKD in Oghara community in Nigeria.

Methods: Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), Oghara organised a free community screening for risk factors of CKD on the World Kidney Day, March 2012. Data was obtained using the Nigerian Association of Nephrology (NAN) CKD data sheet. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, and dipstick urine examination were performed.

Results: A total of 315 participants were screened. Majority (36.2%) of participants were young (mean age 37±13 years). Hypertension was detected in 16.8%, diabetes in 1.1%, and obesity in 8.8% of the participants. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly with increasing age (r=0.391, p=<0.0001 and r=0.280, p=<0.0001 respectively). Significant proteinuria (dipstick ≥ 1+) was detected in 29.4% of participants and 47.6% of participants with high blood sugar had significant proteinuria (p=0.021)

Conclusion: Risk factors of CKD are common in the population studied, BP and BMI increased with age. Proteinuria was significantly more prevalent among patients with high blood sugar, compared to normal subjects.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, risk factors, hypertension, proteinuria, Nigeria