On the safety of diagnostic ultrasound in pregnancy: Have we handled the available data correctly?

Abstract

Robust evidence of the bioeffects of ultrasound is available from animal  studies but human studies are less convincing. Nevertheless, it is disturbing that the only response to safety issues is a twenty-year old principle known as ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Applicable). Using experience from obstetrics and toxicology, and drawing information mainly from two recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis that extensively covered the subject of ultrasound safety, this review captures the current knowledge of ultrasound bioeffects and suggests that it may be time for an international, multidisciplinary meeting on ultrasound safety to decide how to provide the evidence  (available data) to patients and sonographers in a succinct manner.