The Annals of African Medicine subscribes to the “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals” as published in New England Journal of Medicine 1997:336:309-315. The journal will publish articles in all fields and aspects of medicine in Africa and also from elsewhere, which have a bearing on health care delivery in Africa.
Papers will be published under the following sections:
Editorial comments
Original articles
Review articles
Short reports
Case reports
Medical devices and innovations
Continuing education
Letters to the editor
Opinions
Clinical images
Book reviews
Reports of clinical meetings or conferences Articles are published with the understanding that they have not been previously published or
simultaneously submitted to another journal for consideration for publication. The authors accept to transfer the copyright of accepted and published articles to the Annals of African Medicine. A letter
signed by all authors stating this fact should accompany each article. Authors should submit the original manuscript along with two clear copies and three copies of all tables and illustrations to:
Bello B. Shehu, FRCSI, FWACS
Editor-in-Chief
Annals of African Medicine
Office of the Chief Medical Director
Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital,
Sokoto 840001, Nigeria
E-mail: bellobalas@yahoo.co.uk
OR
Assistant Editor-in-Chief
Annals of African Medicine
P. O. Box 76, Zaria, 810001
Nigeria
E-mail: annafrmed@skannet.com
Manuscripts
Manuscripts should be typed in double line spacing on A4, heavy bond paper, with a 4cm margin on the left side. The right hand margin should not be justified. The script should be clearly divided into the
following sections with each section beginning on a new page.
Title page
This should bear the title of the paper, the name(s) of the author(s), the place where the work was carried out and the address of the
corresponding author, including e-mail address and fax number.
Abstract
This should not be more than 300 words and should be structured, consisting of four paragraphs labeled; Background, Methods, Results and Conclusions. Each paragraph should describe respectively, the problem,
how the study was performed, the important results and the conclusion from the results. The abstract for review articles, short reports, case reports and surgical techniques need not be in this format. A French translation of the abstract should also be provided.
Text
This section includes introduction, methodology, results, discussion and acknowledgement.
References
These should be typed double-spaced and numbered consecutively according to their first citation in the text. The referencing should be in accordance with the uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted
to biomedical journals. Journal titles should be cited according to the way they appear in the index medicus/Medline. For journals that are not indexed, the full name should be given. All authors should be
listed where they are six or less; if more than six, then list first three, followed by et al.
Abstracts, information from manuscripts not yet accepted or personal communication should not be included in the list of references, but can be included in the text. It is the author(s) responsibility to ensure
that references are properly cited and listed. Manuscripts with incomplete references will be returned and publication delayed.
Tables and illustrations
Tables should be typed double-spaced and numbered in Arabic numerals and have appropriate title. Vertical and horizontal internal lines should beexcluded. Only relevant tables should be presented and must not duplicate information already presented in detail in the results section. Illustration should be unmounted glossy prints or professionallydrawn. They should be numbered in Arabic numerals and have appropriate title in pencil on the back.An arrow should indicate the top.
Each illustration must be accompanied by a legend, typed on a separate sheet. For photomicrographs, the magnification and staining
methods should be indicated. Authors will be requested to make a contribution towards the processing of coloured photographs. It is the
responsibility of authors to obtain permission for already published tables or illustrations. Such written permission should accompany the manuscripts at the time of submission.
Ethical Issues
Any original text quoted from other authors or sources must be formally cited and appropriately referenced. The protocol for any investigations or studies on humans should be approved by an ethical committee
or the relevant authority on ethical issues. Consent must also be obtained from the patient for such studies. A statement to this effect should be included in the manuscript.
Tables or illustrations, which have been previously published, should be accompanied by the written consent or permission of the copyright
holder, an acknowledgement included in the caption and the full reference included in the list of references. Where a patient may be identified from an illustration or the text, written permission must be obtained from that patient and submitted along with the manuscript. Authors should avoid potentially defamatory statements.
Conflict of Interest and Sources of Funding
Authors should provide a clear statement regarding any conflicts of interests. There should also be a statement on any sources of funding.
Peer Review Process
All manuscripts submitted to the Journal are sent to two independent experts in that field for review. Manuscripts with significant statistical component will be reviewed by the statistical editor and if necessary, by another statisticican. The comments of the reviewers will be communicated to the authors, even if the paper is rejected. Communication of the reviewers’ comments to authors is for their information, and the journal is unable to enter into further correspondence regarding such papers. All
efforts will be made to keep the duration of review as short as possible and editorial decisions will, as much as possible be communicated to authors within 4 months of receipt of their manuscripts. Authors are
advised to keep copies of all materials submitted to the Journal.
Electronic Submissions
Submission of electronic manuscripts is encouraged by the Journal. Such manuscripts should be on a high quality CD-Rom or Flash drive, should be in Microsoft Word. A hard copy of the manuscripts and relevant
illustrations should accompany the diskette. Authors will be required to submit their manuscripts in electronic form at the time of acceptance of their papers.
Units of Measurements
All measurements should be expressed in System International (SI) units.
Proofs and Reprints Authors will receive galley proofs of their papers to
be checked for correction. Such corrections should be limited to typesetting errors only and should be returned within two (2) days so as not to delay
publication.
Reprints are not free. Authors can order for reprints at the time of acceptance of their papers at a cost, which will be indicated at that time.
Submission Fee
Each manuscript must be accompanied by a nonrefundable
manuscript processing fee of N10, 000 (Ten thousand Naira) or US$100 (One hundred US Dollars). This should be in a bank draft or certified
cheque, made payable to Annals of African Medicine. Manuscripts submitted without this fee will be returned.
Note: The contents of each published paper are the opinion and responsibility of the author (s). They do not reflect the opinion or policy of the Journal.
Information for authors is published in the first issue (No. 1, March) of each volume of the journal.
The Annals of African Medicine is published by the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria and the Annals of African Medicine Society. The Journal is intended to serve as a medium for the publication of research findings in the broad field of Medicine in Africa and other developing countries, and elsewhere which have relevance to Africa.
Other websites related to this journal: http://www.annalsafrmed.org/ and Bioline: http://www.bioline.org.br/am
Invalid data type in setData:The names and email addresses entered here will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of AJOL. We take your privacy seriously and we protect your personal information, which will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party without your permission, or unless legal obligation compels us to do so.
Invalid data type in setData: African Journals OnlineInvalid data type in setData: Ann Afr Med.Invalid data type in setData:The Annals of African Medicine subscribes to the “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals” as published in New England Journal of Medicine 1997:336:309-315. The journal will publish articles in all fields and aspects of medicine in Africa and also from elsewhere, which have a bearing on health care delivery in Africa.
Papers will be published under the following sections:
Editorial comments
Original articles
Review articles
Short reports
Case reports
Medical devices and innovations
Continuing education
Letters to the editor
Opinions
Clinical images
Book reviews
Reports of clinical meetings or conferences Articles are published with the understanding that they have not been previously published or
simultaneously submitted to another journal for consideration for publication. The authors accept to transfer the copyright of accepted and published articles to the Annals of African Medicine. A letter
signed by all authors stating this fact should accompany each article. Authors should submit the original manuscript along with two clear copies and three copies of all tables and illustrations to:
Bello B. Shehu, FRCSI, FWACS
Editor-in-Chief
Annals of African Medicine
Office of the Chief Medical Director
Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital,
Sokoto 840001, Nigeria
E-mail: bellobalas@yahoo.co.uk
OR
Assistant Editor-in-Chief
Annals of African Medicine
P. O. Box 76, Zaria, 810001
Nigeria
E-mail: annafrmed@skannet.com
Manuscripts
Manuscripts should be typed in double line spacing on A4, heavy bond paper, with a 4cm margin on the left side. The right hand margin should not be justified. The script should be clearly divided into the
following sections with each section beginning on a new page.
Title page
This should bear the title of the paper, the name(s) of the author(s), the place where the work was carried out and the address of the
corresponding author, including e-mail address and fax number.
Abstract
This should not be more than 300 words and should be structured, consisting of four paragraphs labeled; Background, Methods, Results and Conclusions. Each paragraph should describe respectively, the problem,
how the study was performed, the important results and the conclusion from the results. The abstract for review articles, short reports, case reports and surgical techniques need not be in this format. A French translation of the abstract should also be provided.
Text
This section includes introduction, methodology, results, discussion and acknowledgement.
References
These should be typed double-spaced and numbered consecutively according to their first citation in the text. The referencing should be in accordance with the uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted
to biomedical journals. Journal titles should be cited according to the way they appear in the index medicus/Medline. For journals that are not indexed, the full name should be given. All authors should be
listed where they are six or less; if more than six, then list first three, followed by et al.
Abstracts, information from manuscripts not yet accepted or personal communication should not be included in the list of references, but can be included in the text. It is the author(s) responsibility to ensure
that references are properly cited and listed. Manuscripts with incomplete references will be returned and publication delayed.
Tables and illustrations
Tables should be typed double-spaced and numbered in Arabic numerals and have appropriate title. Vertical and horizontal internal lines should beexcluded. Only relevant tables should be presented and must not duplicate information already presented in detail in the results section. Illustration should be unmounted glossy prints or professionallydrawn. They should be numbered in Arabic numerals and have appropriate title in pencil on the back.An arrow should indicate the top.
Each illustration must be accompanied by a legend, typed on a separate sheet. For photomicrographs, the magnification and staining
methods should be indicated. Authors will be requested to make a contribution towards the processing of coloured photographs. It is the
responsibility of authors to obtain permission for already published tables or illustrations. Such written permission should accompany the manuscripts at the time of submission.
Ethical Issues
Any original text quoted from other authors or sources must be formally cited and appropriately referenced. The protocol for any investigations or studies on humans should be approved by an ethical committee
or the relevant authority on ethical issues. Consent must also be obtained from the patient for such studies. A statement to this effect should be included in the manuscript.
Tables or illustrations, which have been previously published, should be accompanied by the written consent or permission of the copyright
holder, an acknowledgement included in the caption and the full reference included in the list of references. Where a patient may be identified from an illustration or the text, written permission must be obtained from that patient and submitted along with the manuscript. Authors should avoid potentially defamatory statements.
Conflict of Interest and Sources of Funding
Authors should provide a clear statement regarding any conflicts of interests. There should also be a statement on any sources of funding.
Peer Review Process
All manuscripts submitted to the Journal are sent to two independent experts in that field for review. Manuscripts with significant statistical component will be reviewed by the statistical editor and if necessary, by another statisticican. The comments of the reviewers will be communicated to the authors, even if the paper is rejected. Communication of the reviewers’ comments to authors is for their information, and the journal is unable to enter into further correspondence regarding such papers. All
efforts will be made to keep the duration of review as short as possible and editorial decisions will, as much as possible be communicated to authors within 4 months of receipt of their manuscripts. Authors are
advised to keep copies of all materials submitted to the Journal.
Electronic Submissions
Submission of electronic manuscripts is encouraged by the Journal. Such manuscripts should be on a high quality CD-Rom or Flash drive, should be in Microsoft Word. A hard copy of the manuscripts and relevant
illustrations should accompany the diskette. Authors will be required to submit their manuscripts in electronic form at the time of acceptance of their papers.
Units of Measurements
All measurements should be expressed in System International (SI) units.
Proofs and Reprints Authors will receive galley proofs of their papers to
be checked for correction. Such corrections should be limited to typesetting errors only and should be returned within two (2) days so as not to delay
publication.
Reprints are not free. Authors can order for reprints at the time of acceptance of their papers at a cost, which will be indicated at that time.
Submission Fee
Each manuscript must be accompanied by a nonrefundable
manuscript processing fee of N10, 000 (Ten thousand Naira) or US$100 (One hundred US Dollars). This should be in a bank draft or certified
cheque, made payable to Annals of African Medicine. Manuscripts submitted without this fee will be returned.
Note: The contents of each published paper are the opinion and responsibility of the author (s). They do not reflect the opinion or policy of the Journal.
Information for authors is published in the first issue (No. 1, March) of each volume of the journal.
The Annals of African Medicine is published by the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria and the Annals of African Medicine Society. The Journal is intended to serve as a medium for the publication of research findings in the broad field of Medicine in Africa and other developing countries, and elsewhere which have relevance to Africa.
Other websites related to this journal: http://www.annalsafrmed.org/ and Bioline: http://www.bioline.org.br/am
Invalid data type in setData:Researchers and policy-makers need access to contextually-relevant quality research publications from Africa in order to develop solutions to address the continent’s challenges in health, education, climate change & under-development.
info@ajol.info
CC-BY-SA African Journals Online (AJOL), with the exception of 3rd party content (3rd party content includes inter alia all journal content accessible on or via AJOL. Re-use or sharing of AJOL-hosted journal abstracts and full text articles is not nor has ever been legally permitted unless the journal/s' and/or article/s' displayed copyright and/or license explicitly permits it, or without specific written direct permission from journal/s and/or their publishing entity/ies and/or article author/s if the author/s hold copyright)
African Journals Online (RF) S.A. Non Profit Company (NPC) Registration Number: 2005/033363/08
The Annals of African Medicine subscribes to the “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals” as published in New England Journal of Medicine 1997:336:309-315. The journal will publish articles in all fields and aspects of medicine in Africa and also from elsewhere, which have a bearing on health care delivery in Africa.
Papers will be published under the following sections:
Editorial comments
Original articles
Review articles
Short reports
Case reports
Medical devices and innovations
Continuing education
Letters to the editor
Opinions
Clinical images
Book reviews
Reports of clinical meetings or conferences Articles are published with the understanding that they have not been previously published or
simultaneously submitted to another journal for consideration for publication. The authors accept to transfer the copyright of accepted and published articles to the Annals of African Medicine. A letter
signed by all authors stating this fact should accompany each article. Authors should submit the original manuscript along with two clear copies and three copies of all tables and illustrations to:
Bello B. Shehu, FRCSI, FWACS
Editor-in-Chief
Annals of African Medicine
Office of the Chief Medical Director
Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital,
Sokoto 840001, Nigeria
E-mail: bellobalas@yahoo.co.uk
OR
Assistant Editor-in-Chief
Annals of African Medicine
P. O. Box 76, Zaria, 810001
Nigeria
E-mail: annafrmed@skannet.com
Manuscripts
Manuscripts should be typed in double line spacing on A4, heavy bond paper, with a 4cm margin on the left side. The right hand margin should not be justified. The script should be clearly divided into the
following sections with each section beginning on a new page.
Title page
This should bear the title of the paper, the name(s) of the author(s), the place where the work was carried out and the address of the
corresponding author, including e-mail address and fax number.
Abstract
This should not be more than 300 words and should be structured, consisting of four paragraphs labeled; Background, Methods, Results and Conclusions. Each paragraph should describe respectively, the problem,
how the study was performed, the important results and the conclusion from the results. The abstract for review articles, short reports, case reports and surgical techniques need not be in this format. A French translation of the abstract should also be provided.
Text
This section includes introduction, methodology, results, discussion and acknowledgement.
References
These should be typed double-spaced and numbered consecutively according to their first citation in the text. The referencing should be in accordance with the uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted
to biomedical journals. Journal titles should be cited according to the way they appear in the index medicus/Medline. For journals that are not indexed, the full name should be given. All authors should be
listed where they are six or less; if more than six, then list first three, followed by et al.
Abstracts, information from manuscripts not yet accepted or personal communication should not be included in the list of references, but can be included in the text. It is the author(s) responsibility to ensure
that references are properly cited and listed. Manuscripts with incomplete references will be returned and publication delayed.
Tables and illustrations
Tables should be typed double-spaced and numbered in Arabic numerals and have appropriate title. Vertical and horizontal internal lines should beexcluded. Only relevant tables should be presented and must not duplicate information already presented in detail in the results section. Illustration should be unmounted glossy prints or professionallydrawn. They should be numbered in Arabic numerals and have appropriate title in pencil on the back.An arrow should indicate the top.
Each illustration must be accompanied by a legend, typed on a separate sheet. For photomicrographs, the magnification and staining
methods should be indicated. Authors will be requested to make a contribution towards the processing of coloured photographs. It is the
responsibility of authors to obtain permission for already published tables or illustrations. Such written permission should accompany the manuscripts at the time of submission.
Ethical Issues
Any original text quoted from other authors or sources must be formally cited and appropriately referenced. The protocol for any investigations or studies on humans should be approved by an ethical committee
or the relevant authority on ethical issues. Consent must also be obtained from the patient for such studies. A statement to this effect should be included in the manuscript.
Tables or illustrations, which have been previously published, should be accompanied by the written consent or permission of the copyright
holder, an acknowledgement included in the caption and the full reference included in the list of references. Where a patient may be identified from an illustration or the text, written permission must be obtained from that patient and submitted along with the manuscript. Authors should avoid potentially defamatory statements.
Conflict of Interest and Sources of Funding
Authors should provide a clear statement regarding any conflicts of interests. There should also be a statement on any sources of funding.
Peer Review Process
All manuscripts submitted to the Journal are sent to two independent experts in that field for review. Manuscripts with significant statistical component will be reviewed by the statistical editor and if necessary, by another statisticican. The comments of the reviewers will be communicated to the authors, even if the paper is rejected. Communication of the reviewers’ comments to authors is for their information, and the journal is unable to enter into further correspondence regarding such papers. All
efforts will be made to keep the duration of review as short as possible and editorial decisions will, as much as possible be communicated to authors within 4 months of receipt of their manuscripts. Authors are
advised to keep copies of all materials submitted to the Journal.
Electronic Submissions
Submission of electronic manuscripts is encouraged by the Journal. Such manuscripts should be on a high quality CD-Rom or Flash drive, should be in Microsoft Word. A hard copy of the manuscripts and relevant
illustrations should accompany the diskette. Authors will be required to submit their manuscripts in electronic form at the time of acceptance of their papers.
Units of Measurements
All measurements should be expressed in System International (SI) units.
Proofs and Reprints Authors will receive galley proofs of their papers to
be checked for correction. Such corrections should be limited to typesetting errors only and should be returned within two (2) days so as not to delay
publication.
Reprints are not free. Authors can order for reprints at the time of acceptance of their papers at a cost, which will be indicated at that time.
Submission Fee
Each manuscript must be accompanied by a nonrefundable
manuscript processing fee of N10, 000 (Ten thousand Naira) or US$100 (One hundred US Dollars). This should be in a bank draft or certified
cheque, made payable to Annals of African Medicine. Manuscripts submitted without this fee will be returned.
Note: The contents of each published paper are the opinion and responsibility of the author (s). They do not reflect the opinion or policy of the Journal.
Information for authors is published in the first issue (No. 1, March) of each volume of the journal.
The Annals of African Medicine is published by the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria and the Annals of African Medicine Society. The Journal is intended to serve as a medium for the publication of research findings in the broad field of Medicine in Africa and other developing countries, and elsewhere which have relevance to Africa.
Other websites related to this journal: http://www.annalsafrmed.org/ and Bioline: http://www.bioline.org.br/am
Invalid data type in setData:Background: Causal relationship has been established between alcohol and more than 60 types of disease and injury. Despite this, alcohol is still widely consumed in several communities in Nigeria, and sometimes considered a health tonic. This study described the pattern, prevalence, and factors associated with alcohol abuse in a typical Ijaw community, where alcohol is produced and consumed in large quantities. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in Okoloba, a rural community in Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria using an analytical cross-sectional study design. The data were collected from members of the community aged 16 to 65 years, using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire and clinical examination for hepatomegaly, tongue tremor, and hand tremor. Results: A total of 322 subjects, comprising 166 men and 156 women were studied. They had an average age of 41.4 ± 2.5 years, were mostly farmers (43.17%), married (66.15%), and had at most primary school education (62.42%). More than 90% of the subjects took alcohol in the preceding year, with more of them (43%) preferring the locally produced drinks. About 33% of the subjects had harmful drinking, while 12.73% had alcohol dependence problem. There is no significant age difference between the alcohol abusers and abstainers/social drinkers (P > 0.05), but alcohol abusers were significantly more likely to be males (P < 0.001), in polygamous marriages (P < 0.00001), had lower educational status (P < 0.0001), likely to be practitioners of the traditional religion (P < 0.0001), and more likely to be engaged in palm wine tapping. Conclusion: Alcohol is widely consumed in the community, but the prevalence of abuse was moderate, mainly due to cultural restrictions. Sales restrictions might be needed as the drinking habits of members of the community change with urbanization.
DOI: 10.4103/1596-3519.82066
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info@ajol.info
CC-BY-SA African Journals Online (AJOL), with the exception of 3rd party content (3rd party content includes inter alia all journal content accessible on or via AJOL. Re-use or sharing of AJOL-hosted journal abstracts and full text articles is not nor has ever been legally permitted unless the journal/s' and/or article/s' displayed copyright and/or license explicitly permits it, or without specific written direct permission from journal/s and/or their publishing entity/ies and/or article author/s if the author/s hold copyright)
African Journals Online (RF) S.A. Non Profit Company (NPC) Registration Number: 2005/033363/08